costtodrillawell.com

Sources for every figure on the site

What is listed here

This list holds all 361 sources used anywhere on the site: 212 from state and federal agencies, 70 from statutes and rules, 31 from government, 20 from drillers and installers, 8 from manufacturer, 6 from other publishers, 4 from supplier, 3 from extension, 2 from trade-press, 2 from our own model, 1 from labs, 1 from dataset, 1 from survey. Well records come from 36 state agencies. Each entry gives the publisher, a link, and the date we last read it. How the records and rates are combined is on the methodology page, and the rules for citing them are in the editorial policy. To see the figures they produce, start with well drilling costs nationally.

Sources

  1. Understanding the Cost of Installing a Well in Mohave County , A-1 Arthur's Well Service (Kingman, AZ). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Drilling $30-$65/ft; submersible pump $1,500-$3,000+; pressure tank $500-$1,200+; electrical and controls $500-$2,000; plumbing and trenching $1,000-$5,000+; total $10,000-$30,000+.
  2. Water Testing in Alabama: Why, Where, How , Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  3. Alabama Administrative Code chapter 335-9-1, Water Well Standards , Alabama Water Well Standards Board / ADEM. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  4. 18 AAC 72.100 Private water systems , Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  5. Well Log Tracking System (WELTS) , Alaska Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  6. Arsenic in Alaska groundwater , Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  7. Average Cost of Drilling a Water Well in Arizona , American Home Water & Air (Phoenix, AZ; water treatment and plumbing, not a driller). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2021-01-19. Drilling $20-$44/ft; all-in $27-$58/ft; pump $500-$2,000; testing $50-$500.
  8. Well-X-Trol Pressure Tanks (product page) , Amtrol (Worthington Enterprises). Accessed November 9, 2026. footer (c) 2026 Worthington Enterprises
  9. Well-X-Trol WX-101 to WX-350 specifications and Quick Sizing Chart (MC 7025 04/14) , Amtrol Inc.. Accessed November 9, 2026. 04/2014
  10. Protect Your Health: a guide for private well owners in Arizona , Arizona Department of Health Services. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Private well water is not tested by any government organization; owners use ADHS-certified private labs. No fee figure.
  11. Ariz. Admin. Code R12-15-818, Well Location , Arizona Department of Water Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  12. Well Registry (Wells 55) , Arizona Department of Water Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  13. A.R.S. 45-600, Filing of report by driller; filing of completion report , Arizona Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  14. A.R.S. 45-596 Notice of intention to drill , Arizona State Legislature. Accessed November 8, 2026. Filing fee $150; $100 for a well outside an AMA or INA used solely for domestic purposes with a pump of 35 gpm or less. Confirmed by A.A.C. R12-15-104 (effective 2023-10-13, https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/arizona/Ariz-Admin-Code-SS-R12-15-104) and ADWR form DWR 55-40.
  15. Water Well Construction: Information for the Public , Arkansas Department of Agriculture. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  16. Water Microbiology Laboratory , Arkansas Department of Health. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  17. Arkansas Water Well Construction Commission Rules (209.07.20 Ark. Code R. 001) , Arkansas Water Well Construction Commission. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  18. Private Water Systems , Ashland County Health Department (OH). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated (2026 site). New single family application/permit $309 plus $75 water sample fee = $384.
  19. Pricing , B & L Water Well (Enid, OK). Accessed November 8, 2026. 2025 site. Drilling only with 5-inch standard casing: 50 ft or less $2,200 in Enid, $2,500-$3,000 outside city limits; more than 50 ft about $50/ft; 6-inch wells $50/ft; complete well with pump, 20-gal pressure tank and hydrant $4,500; constant-pressure package $6,000.
  20. Fee Schedule, effective 2025-10-01 , Blanco-Pedernales Groundwater Conservation District (TX). Accessed November 8, 2026. Registered well $500; permitted well $3,000; non-refundable.
  21. Well Drilling Cost , Bob Vila. Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2023-03-30. Residential $15-$30/ft; PVC casing $6-$10/ft; steel casing $33-$130/ft; pump $300-$2,000; pressure tank $100-$700; Oklahoma $20-$40/ft; Florida $15-$30/ft. Corroboration only.
  22. What PSI should a tank's pre-charge pressure be set to? , Boshart Industries (supplier knowledge base). Accessed November 9, 2026. April 1, 2024
  23. What Are the Cost Factors of Drilling a Santa Fe Water Well? , Boylan Water Well Service (Santa Fe, NM). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2026-06-25. Drilling incl. PVC casing $28-$65/ft; submersible pump $850-$2,500; casing and grouting $1,500-$4,000; pressure tank and controls $500-$1,800; electrical hookup and trenching $1,000-$3,500; permits and lab testing $300-$1,000; turn-key $12,000-$30,000+.
  24. Exempt Well Application (2024) and Schedule of Fees , Brazos Valley Groundwater Conservation District (TX). Accessed November 8, 2026. Exempt (household) well: no fee, $100 refundable well-log deposit. Fee schedule page (https://brazosvalleygcd.org/permits-fees/): drilling/operating permit $100 per well for non-exempt wells (2026).
  25. 2026 Approved Fee Schedule, Private Water System Fees effective 2026-01-01 , Butler County General Health District (OH). Accessed November 8, 2026. New private water system (well), single family dwelling $534 ($440 local + $74 state + $20 ODNR), includes one site visit, one water sample and one inspection; water samples $90 base plus lab costs.
  26. Environmental Health Fee Schedule, effective 2026-08-08 , Calaveras County Environmental Management Agency (CA). Accessed November 8, 2026. 8607 Well Permit Application $693.00 per well.
  27. California Well Standards, Bulletin 74-90 , California Department of Water Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  28. Well Completion Reports , California Department of Water Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  29. Well Completion Reports (Online System for Well Completion Reports, OSWCR) , California Department of Water Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Statewide well completion report dataset used for depth records.
  30. Wells program , California Department of Water Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  31. California Water Code section 13751 , California Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  32. A Guide for Private Domestic Well Owners , California State Water Resources Control Board. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  33. Guidelines for Testing Well Water , CDC. Accessed November 9, 2026. July 1, 2024
  34. Drinking Water Quality Fees (July 2026) , Central District Health (Boise, ID). Accessed November 8, 2026. Coliform test $20; nitrate test $21; sample collection by CDH $145.
  35. Fee schedule , Chester County Health Department (PA). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. New well permits $300; second or additional well $175; alteration $100.
  36. Laboratory fee list (EGLE-certified drinking water lab), effective 2026-07-06 , City of Cadillac Laboratory (MI). Accessed November 8, 2026. Drinking water coliforms, total and E. coli P/A $35; nitrate $35.
  37. Well Water Testing , City of Fort Worth Water Laboratory. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Well panel #1 $238; panel #2 $248; VA loan package $107; VOCs $130.
  38. Center for Environmental Health Fee Schedule, effective 2020-01-01 , Cobb & Douglas Public Health (GA). Accessed November 8, 2026. Well site evaluation $150. New schedule effective 2027-01-01 not yet readable.
  39. 2 CCR 402-2-10, Minimum Construction Standards for Water Wells , Colorado Board of Examiners of Water Well Construction and Pump Installation Contractors. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  40. 2 CCR 402-2-17, Reporting Requirements , Colorado Board of Examiners of Water Well Construction and Pump Installation Contractors. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  41. DWR Well Application Permit , Colorado Division of Water Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  42. Well Permitting , Colorado Division of Water Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  43. C.R.S. 37-92-602 Exemptions; presumptions; legislative declaration (current through Fall 2025) , Colorado Revised Statutes via colorado.public.law. Accessed November 8, 2026. Fee of $100 for a new exempt household well permit application; $60 for a replacement/paragraph (c) application.
  44. Nitrates in Drinking Water , Colorado State University Extension. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  45. Environmental Health , Columbus County Health Department (NC). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Well permit fee $300.
  46. Well Completion Reports , Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  47. Connecticut's Aquifers , Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  48. Public Health Code 19-13-B50 to B51m, water supply wells and springs , Connecticut Department of Public Health. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  49. Hydrogen sulfide and sulfate in private drinking water wells , Connecticut Dept. of Public Health. Accessed November 9, 2026. July 01, 2026
  50. Connecticut General Statutes Chapter 482, Well Drilling , Connecticut General Assembly. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  51. 10 NYCRR Appendix 5-B, Table 1: Required Minimum Separation Distances to Protect Water Wells From Contamination , Cornell Legal Information Institute. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  52. 16 Tex. Admin. Code 76.100 Technical Requirements, Locations and Standards of Completion for Wells , Cornell Legal Information Institute. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  53. Conn. Agencies Regs. 25-128-62, Completion reports , Cornell Legal Information Institute. Accessed November 9, 2026. Reproduces the state regulation text.
  54. Fla. Admin. Code R. 62-532.400, Permit for Water Well Construction, Repair, or Abandonment , Cornell Legal Information Institute. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  55. N.J.A.C. 7:9D-1.15 Well record and well decommissioning reporting requirements , Cornell Legal Information Institute. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  56. N.J.A.C. 7:9D-2.7 Minimum distance requirements , Cornell Legal Information Institute. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  57. Default casing share of well depth , Cost to Drill a Well. Accessed November 9, 2026. Median of state casing_p50 / depth_p50 across states that report casing. Used only where no local casing median exists.
  58. National depth distribution, median of state percentiles , Cost to Drill a Well. Accessed November 9, 2026. Median across states with records of each state's 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile depth.
  59. Compilation of fetched state and county well permit fees (research/rates/NOTES.md, section permit) , costtodrillawell.com research. Accessed November 8, 2026. Internal compilation used only for the national permit fallback. Component sources: ok-owrb-well-driller-fact-sheet ($0), fl-nwfwmd-well-fees through fl-manatee-water-wells-2026 ($35-$265), ny-dutchess-dbch-fees ($45), wi-dnr-well-notification ($50.50), ga-pierce-well-permit-2024 ($70), idaho-code-42-235 ($75), crs-37-92-602 ($100), az-ars-45-596 ($100-$150), nmac-19-27-5 ($125), wa-rcw-18-104-055 ($200), nc-wayne-private-wells through nc-gaston-eh-fees ($225-$450), mi-grand-traverse-fees-2026 and mi-delta-menominee-fees-2025 ($240-$334), mt-dnrc-form-613-2025 ($250-$400), pa-chester-county-health-fees ($300), mn-stat-103i-208 ($325), oh-logan-fees-2024 through oh-summit-fees-2025 ($350-$594), or-hb2808-2025 ($490), blanco-pedernales-gcd-fees-2025 ($500), ca-calaveras-fees-2026 ($693), ny-nyc-well-water-permit ($1,090 outlier).
  60. Well Drilling Cost in Bucks County, PA (2026 Guide) , CS Garber & Sons, Inc. (southeastern PA). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2026-02-04. Drilling plus 6-inch steel casing $35-$55/ft; mobilization $750-$1,500; grouting $8-$14/ft; submersible pump install (1/2-1 hp, complete) $3,500-$6,500; pressure tank $900-$1,800 installed; yield test and water sample $250-$500; turnkey $12,000-$22,000.
  61. 7 DE Admin. Code 7301, Regulations Governing the Construction and Use of Wells , Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  62. Well Permits , Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  63. State well owner guides (Michigan, Ohio, Arizona, Florida) , DrillerDB (national driller directory). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated 2024-2025 estimates. MI drilling $15-$30/ft, casing $10-$40/ft; OH drilling $10-$30/ft, casing $10-$25/ft; AZ drilling $25-$60/ft; FL drilling $10-$30/ft, PVC casing $5-$10/ft. Corroboration only; its county permit figures are unverified.
  64. Fees , Dutchess County Department of Behavioral & Community Health (NY). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Individual well permits $45.
  65. Water Testing , El Paso County Public Health Laboratory (CO). Accessed November 8, 2026. 2026. Total coliform/E. coli P/A $23.00; nitrate-N $30.00; real estate package $80.00.
  66. Water Well Drilling Costs in 2026 , Epp Well Solutions, LLC (Battle Ground, WA). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2026-01-26. National table: drilling alone $15-$25/ft, complete system $25-$65/ft, hard rock $50-$75/ft; Pennsylvania $15-$40/ft; casing $5-$130/ft; submersible pumps $300-$2,000; pressure tanks $500-$2,000; electrical $1,000-$3,000. Corroboration only; no WA-specific figure.
  67. Private Wells, Drinking Water and Wastewater Systems Permitting Requirements (fact sheet) , FEMA. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  68. Low-Scored Site Initiative Drilling Rate Schedule , Florida DEP, Division of Waste Management, Petroleum Restoration Program. Accessed November 8, 2026. 2019 schedule. Mobilization roundtrip $560.78; 6-in surface casing $40.10/ft; 4-in well installation $33.34-$35.67/ft. Environmental wells; mobilization reference only.
  69. Water Well Construction Rules, Forms, and Reference Documents , Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  70. Fla. Admin. Code R. 62-6.005, Location and Installation , Florida Department of Environmental Protection (via Cornell LII). Accessed November 9, 2026. 75 ft to a private potable well, (1)(a); rule effective 6/21/2022. Checked against rule text 2026-11-09.
  71. Drinking Water , Florida Department of Health in DeSoto County. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated (2026 site). Bacteria $26; nitrate/nitrite $35; lead $35.
  72. Drinking Water , Florida Department of Health in Orange County. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated (2026 site). Permits $116 per well; coliform bacteria testing $49; nitrate $62; lead $51.
  73. Environmental Public Health Fee Schedule 2025-2026 , Florida Department of Health in Seminole County. Accessed November 8, 2026. Private potable well permit $135; abandonment $45; repair $50; lab analysis $20 per sample; combined chemical/microbiological sample visit $80.
  74. Well Water Testing , Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Public Health Laboratories. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated (2026 site). Bacteriological (E. coli and coliforms) $40 for private testing through BPHL; $17 when submitted through a county health department.
  75. Fla. Stat. 373.309(1)(e)7. , Florida Legislature. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well construction permit fee may not exceed $500; clearance fee may not exceed $50.
  76. Fla. Stat. 373.323, Licensure of water well contractors , Florida Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  77. Fla. Stat. 381.0065, Onsite sewage treatment and disposal systems , Florida Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026. Distance quoted from a search result; the statute page was not opened in full.
  78. Fee Schedule (effective 2016-08-15) , Franklin County Environmental Health (NC). Accessed November 8, 2026. New well permit $400; bacteriological $40 (without visit) / $75 (with visit); inorganic $75 / $100.
  79. Pump reliability with proper installation , Franklin Electric (franklinwater.com). Accessed November 9, 2026. 08/10/2026
  80. Franklin Electric AIM Manual (submersible motors), Form No. 3656 , Franklin Electric Co., Inc.. Accessed November 9, 2026. 04/2013 (form footer)
  81. Fee Schedule , Gaston County Environmental Health (NC). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Well installation permit $450; state-required water test for new wells $150; bacteriological only $80; inorganic only $80; both $150.
  82. Well Water , Georgia Department of Public Health. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  83. Environmental Health 2026 Fee Schedule , Grand Traverse County Health Department (MI). Accessed November 8, 2026. Private or Type III well permit $240; water sample collection fee including coliform and nitrate $160.
  84. U.S. Grundfos Warranty Policy , Grundfos. Accessed November 9, 2026. 8/26/2020 (rates effective January 1, 2020)
  85. Water Quality , Guilford County Environmental Health (NC). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Trip charge $65; bacteria $50; inorganic full panel including nitrate $70; example total $185.
  86. Maine Drinking Water Program, Maine Well Drillers Commission presentation , Hancock County Planning Commission (hosting Maine Drinking Water Program slides). Accessed November 9, 2026. 2011 slides; the no-permit statement comes from a search result and was not opened.
  87. Hawaii State Water Code, HRS Chapter 174C , Hawaii Commission on Water Resource Management. Accessed November 9, 2026. Permit and report requirements taken from search results and the CWRM permit application; the full code PDF was not opened.
  88. IDAPA 37.03.10, Well Driller Licensing Rules , Idaho Department of Water Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  89. Wells , Idaho Department of Water Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  90. Wells Overview , Idaho Department of Water Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026. Statement taken from search result text; page not opened in full.
  91. Idaho Code 42-235 Drilling Permits , Idaho Legislature. Accessed November 8, 2026. $75.00 permit charge for a domestic or monitoring well; $200 otherwise. Confirmed by IDWR Form 235-1 (https://idwr.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/forms/235-1-application-for-drilling-permit.pdf).
  92. 77 Ill. Adm. Code 920, Illinois Water Well Construction Code , Illinois Department of Public Health. Accessed November 9, 2026. 2014 compilation; later amendments not checked. The regulator landing URL in the facts file was not opened.
  93. ILWATER, Water and Related Wells , Illinois State Geological Survey. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  94. Well Water Testing , Indiana Department of Health Laboratories. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. $10.00 for bacteria; $10.00 for nitrate.
  95. Water Availability and Use Rights Frequently Asked Questions , Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026. The page does not directly address private household well permits; the permit statement rests on that silence plus search results.
  96. Water Well Record Database , Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  97. Private Well Tracking System, Wells in Iowa , Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  98. Iowa Administrative Code 567-Chapter 49, Nonpublic Water Wells: Permits and Construction , Iowa Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  99. Water Well Drilling Cost , Jon's Well and Pump Services Inc. (Deltona, FL). Accessed November 8, 2026. 2019. Drilling $15-$30/ft; pump equipment $100-$1,200; shallow well pump install $800-$1,000.
  100. Complete Water Well System Cost: Full Transparency from an Experienced Driller , K & B Water Well Drilling & Excavation (Mount Gilead, OH). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated (2026 site). Drilling alone $30-$80+/ft; steel casing sometimes over $100/ft; pump unit $900-$2,500 plus installation; tank and switch $500-$2,000; full installed system $6,000-$16,000.
  101. The Real Cost of Installing a Septic System and Well in Michigan (2026 Edition) , K2 Excavating (Michigan excavating and septic contractor; not a licensed well driller). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2026-02-20. Drilling $15-$65/ft; pump, pressure tank and controls installed $1,500-$3,000; permits $300-$600; initial water testing $150-$300; total $5,000-$15,000 (average about $9,000). Adjacent trade; weaker evidence.
  102. Bulletin 4-2, Minimum Standards for Design and Construction of Onsite Wastewater Systems , Kansas Department of Health and Environment. Accessed November 9, 2026. 50 ft to watertight septic tank and 50 ft to absorption field (K.A.R. 28-30-8) corroborated 2026-11-09 by KDHE private-well guidance and soil absorption chapter; PDFs return 403 to automated fetch.
  103. K.A.R. Article 30, Water Well Contractor's License; Water Well Construction , Kansas Department of Health and Environment. Accessed November 9, 2026. Licensing (application, written exam, annual renewal) and 30-day well record (K.A.R. 28-30-4; K.S.A. 82a-1212) corroborated 2026-11-09 across KDHE program page and guidance; PDFs return 403 to automated fetch.
  104. Water Well Completion Records (WWC5) , Kansas Geological Survey. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  105. Kentucky Groundwater Data Repository, water wells , Kentucky Geological Survey. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  106. 401 KAR 6:310, Water well construction practices and standards , Kentucky Legislative Research Commission. Accessed November 9, 2026. Last 15,000 characters of the page were not read.
  107. 401 KAR 6:320, Certification of water well drillers and water well driller assistants , Kentucky Legislative Research Commission. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  108. JP Series shallow well jet pumps , Little Giant (Franklin Electric Co., Inc.). Accessed November 9, 2026. (c)2026. Vertical distance from pump to pumping water level must not exceed 25 ft; total suction lift 5-25 ft by model; 1/2, 3/4 or 1 hp.
  109. JPC Series convertible jet pumps , Little Giant (Franklin Electric Co., Inc.). Accessed November 9, 2026. (c)2026. For installations where the vertical distance from pump to pumping water level does not exceed 90 ft; 1/2, 3/4 or 1 hp; injector kits for shallow and deep well installs.
  110. Environmental Health 2024 Fee Schedule , Logan County Health District (OH). Accessed November 8, 2026. New well permit, single family dwelling $350; first water sample included in the permit fee (https://www.loganhealthohio.gov/private-water-systems).
  111. GWR: For Water Well Drillers , Louisiana Department of Energy and Natural Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  112. Water Resources Frequently Asked Questions , Maine Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026. Driller reporting statement taken from search result text; page returned 403 to direct fetch.
  113. Water Well Database , Maine Geological Survey. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  114. 12 M.R.S. §550-B, Water well information , Maine Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026. 30-day driller report to the Division of Geology, Natural Areas and Coastal Resources, checked against the statute text.
  115. 22 M.R.S. section 2660-U, Private Well Safe Drinking Water Fund , Maine Legislature. Accessed November 8, 2026. Lab fee surcharge not to exceed $10 per residential well sample; no state owner permit fee.
  116. 32 M.R.S. Chapter 69-C, Maine Water Well Commission , Maine Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026. Licensing and the 3-year master driller requirement checked against the statute text (32 M.R.S. §4700-E), 2026-11-09.
  117. Water Wells (Environmental Protection Division notice) , Manatee County (FL). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2026-07-29. All other wells $265; public supply well $500; abandonment $75.
  118. Well Construction , Maryland Department of the Environment. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  119. 310 CMR 46.00: Certification of Well Drillers and Filing of Well Completion Reports , Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed November 9, 2026. Certification and 30-day report with board-of-health copy corroborated by search; mass.gov blocks direct fetch.
  120. Private Well Guidelines , Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed November 9, 2026. Older MassDEP edition hosted by a regional planning commission; current rules in 313 CMR 3.00 and Title 5 were not opened.
  121. Well Driller Program, well completion reports , Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  122. 310 CMR 15.211: Minimum Setback Distances , Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (via Cornell LII). Accessed November 9, 2026. Private water supply well: 50 ft from septic tank, 100 ft from soil absorption system.
  123. Well Drilling Cost in Lakewood, NY , McCandless Well Drilling and Services Inc. (Jamestown, NY). Accessed November 8, 2026. Updated February 2026. Western New York drilling $25-$65/ft; pump installed $800-$2,000; pressure tank installed $500-$1,500; complete well and pump system $7,500-$12,000; average depth about 115 ft.
  124. How much does it cost to drill a well? , Merrill Drilling & Water Systems (Penrose, NC). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated (site 2023; images 2018). Drilling about $10/ft low end up to $30/ft; casing $5-$20/ft; permits $200-$500 residential; drilling alone from $2,000.
  125. Regional Lab , Mesa County Public Health (CO). Accessed November 8, 2026. 2026. Coliform presence/absence with E. coli $30.
  126. Minimum well isolation distances , Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy. Accessed November 9, 2026. 50 ft well-to-septic-tank minimum under Part 127 corroborated 2026-11-09 by EGLE septic FAQ and the state Water Well Manual; pages return 403 to automated fetch.
  127. Water well contractor registration , Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy. Accessed November 9, 2026. Page returned 403 to direct fetch; statement from search result text.
  128. Wellogic water well records , Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  129. Whole house water filter system cost: what you'll actually pay in 2026 , Mid Atlantic Water (online supplier). Accessed November 9, 2026. Prices dated October 2, 2026; updated November 5, 2026
  130. How Much Does a Well Pressure Tank Cost? , Mid Atlantic Water LLC (water-system supplier, nationwide). Accessed November 8, 2026. Updated 2026-10-14; prices live as of 2026-09. Tank replaced by plumber $800-$1,800 all-in (20-44 gal); labor $200-$500; submersible pump job $1,000-$2,500; tank plus pump $2,500-$5,000+. Supplier, not an installer.
  131. Constructing a New Water-Supply Well in Minnesota , Minnesota Department of Health. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  132. Minnesota Well Index , Minnesota Department of Health. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  133. D-203(5) Statewide Drilling Services, Exhibit D Price Schedule (Thein Well Co., contract 226711) , Minnesota Office of State Procurement. Accessed November 8, 2026. 2023 state-contract unit rates from a licensed MN driller: 6-in borehole $30-$31/ft (mud rotary/auger), $75/ft air rotary in rock; 6-in casing $28/ft (code) to $48/ft (black steel); mobilization $1,000/project; 34-gal pressure tank installed $1,000, 62-gal $1,450; submersible pump 3/4-1 hp $1,250-$1,350 each; drop pipe $7/ft; pitless and lateral $2,000; trench $20/LF. Agency-buyer rates, not retail quotes.
  134. Minn. R. 4725.4450, Water-Supply Well Locations: setback distances , Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  135. Minn. Stat. 103I.208 Well Notification and Permit Fees , Minnesota Revisor of Statutes. Accessed November 8, 2026. Water supply well construction notification $325 (includes $40 state core function fee); sealing $125. Effective 2025-07-01 per MDH fee schedule (https://www.health.mn.gov/communities/environment/water/wells/feesched.html). Delegated county/city programs set their own fees.
  136. Minn. R. 2890.3700 Drilling Mobilization/Demobilization and Drill Crew Per Diem , Minnesota Revisor of Statutes (Dept. of Commerce Petrofund rules). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2025-12-12. Maximum reimbursable mobilization/demobilization (0-50 miles one way) $644; $11/mile beyond 50 miles. Petroleum-release monitoring wells, used only as a mobilization reference.
  137. State Well Report form , Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  138. Water Well Drillers , Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  139. 11 Miss. Code R. 7-2.2, Applicability , Mississippi Environmental Quality Permit Board (via Cornell LII). Accessed November 9, 2026. Full list of exemption conditions was not visible in the excerpt.
  140. Private Water Well Setback Distances , Mississippi State University Extension. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  141. Private well water testing guidance (P3813) , Mississippi State University Extension. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  142. Well Water Test Kit Information and Services , Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  143. Water well records (WIMS) , Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  144. Well Installation Frequently Asked Questions (PUB2193) , Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content read from search excerpts; a few related pages are older, so confirm deadlines with the agency.
  145. Environmental Health Fees (Res. 2017-50, effective 2018-01-01) , Modoc County (CA). Accessed November 8, 2026. New well permit $90.
  146. ARM 36.21.638, Location of wells , Montana Board of Water Well Contractors. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  147. Ground Water Information Center (GWIC) , Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  148. Hydrogeology Related to Exempt Wells in Montana (Open-File Report 612) , Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  149. Form 602I, Notice of Intent to Appropriate Groundwater , Montana DNRC. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  150. Form 613 Water Right Fee Schedule, effective 2025-10-01 , Montana DNRC Water Resources Division. Accessed November 8, 2026. Form 602 Notice of Completion of Groundwater Development (35 gpm / 10 ac-ft exempt well) $250.00; $400.00 in a Controlled Groundwater Area; Form 602I Notice of Intent (effective 01/2026) $400.00 (https://dnrc.mt.gov/_docs/water/Water-Rights-Forms/602I.pdf).
  151. Environmental Laboratory Testing Fee Schedule, effective 2024-01-01 , Montana DPHHS Laboratory Services Bureau. Accessed November 8, 2026. Total coliform P/A $25.00; nitrate+nitrite as N $28.00; Basic Screen package $55.00; Full Well Screen $340.00.
  152. MCA 37-43-302, License required , Montana Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  153. MCA 85-2-516, Well logs , Montana Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  154. Ground water quality fact sheet , Montana State University Extension, Carbon County. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  155. 178 NAC 12-003, General Requirements (Chart 1 separation distances) , Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services (via Cornell LII). Accessed November 9, 2026. Well rules may have been renumbered to Title 134 NAC 4 in 2026.
  156. Registered groundwater wells , Nebraska Department of Water, Energy, and Environment. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  157. Water Well Standards and Contractors' Practice Act (WAT324) , Nebraska Department of Water, Energy, and Environment. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  158. Neb. Rev. Stat. 46-602, water well registration , Nebraska Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  159. A Guide to Water Wells in Nevada , Nevada Division of Water Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  160. Well Driller Reports , Nevada Division of Water Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  161. NRS 534.170, driller log and record of work , Nevada Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  162. Private Wells , New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services. Accessed November 9, 2026. Page not directly fetched; content taken from search excerpts.
  163. Water Well Inventory , New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  164. Env-Wq 1000 Subsurface Systems (Env-Wq 1008) , New Hampshire General Court. Accessed November 9, 2026. Table 1008-4 protective well radii and Env-Wq 1008.05(b) septic tank reduction.
  165. RSA 482-B:10 Record of Wells; Monitoring Wells , New Hampshire General Court. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  166. RSA 482-B:5 Licensing for Water Well Contractors and Pump Installers , New Hampshire General Court. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  167. Private Well Testing Act Program , New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed November 9, 2026. Page not directly fetched; content taken from search excerpts.
  168. Well Permitting and Program Information , New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  169. Biological Sciences Bureau Fee Schedule, Fiscal Year 2027 , New Mexico Department of Health, Scientific Laboratory Division. Accessed November 8, 2026. Total coliform MMO-MUG $39.29; shipping and handling $29.47. Nitrate (Chemistry Bureau) not on this schedule.
  170. Guidance for Owners of Private Wells , New Mexico Environment Department. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  171. 20.7.3 NMAC, Liquid Waste Disposal and Treatment (Table 302.1 setbacks) , New Mexico Environment Department (State Records Center and Archives). Accessed November 9, 2026.
  172. Points of Diversion (wells) , New Mexico Office of the State Engineer. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  173. 19.27.4 NMAC, Well Driller Licensing; Construction, Repair and Plugging of Wells , New Mexico Office of the State Engineer (State Records Center and Archives). Accessed November 9, 2026.
  174. 19.27.5 NMAC Water Rights Filing Fees, section 19.27.5.8 , New Mexico Office of the State Engineer (via NM State Records Center and Archives). Accessed November 8, 2026. Effective 2006-08-15. $125 for an application for a 72-12-1.1 domestic well permit; $75 to repair or deepen.
  175. Well Water Permit , New York City Department of Health / NYC Business. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Potable water well permit application $1,090; non-potable $300. NYC only; outlier.
  176. Water Well Contractor Program , New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  177. Water Well Program, wells drilled since 2000 , New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  178. Individual Water Supply Wells, Fact Sheet #6 (Guidance for Code Enforcement Officials) , New York State Department of Health. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  179. Individual Water Supply Wells, Fact Sheet #6 (Guidance for Code Enforcement Officials) , New York State Department of Health. Accessed November 8, 2026. Rev. June 2018. No state well permit; DEC-registered driller required; some counties require their own approvals.
  180. New York State Department of Health Urges Regular Private Well Testing , New York State Department of Health. Accessed November 9, 2026. Nitrate interval is from Fact Sheet #7; content taken from search excerpts.
  181. AgWRAP FY26 Cost List Changes (Soil & Water Conservation Commission meeting materials, July 2025) , North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Division of Soil & Water Conservation. Accessed November 8, 2026. Water Supply Well construction, East: $24.00 increased to $27.00 average per linear foot (cost-share cost list, FY2026).
  182. Private Wells Frequently Asked Questions , North Carolina DHHS Private Well Program. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Each county sets its own permitting fee; fee covers site visits, new-well water sampling and lab testing.
  183. Private Well Water fact sheet , North Carolina DHHS, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  184. 15A NCAC 02C .0107, Location of Wells , North Carolina Environmental Management Commission. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  185. 15A NCAC 02C .0114, Data and Records Required , North Carolina Environmental Management Commission. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  186. G.S. 87-98.4, Certification required , North Carolina General Assembly. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  187. Private Well Installation , North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  188. Ground and surface water site data , North Dakota Department of Water Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  189. Protecting Your Water Source: What's the Condition of Your Water Well (AE1951) , North Dakota State University Extension. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  190. Water Well Driller's Report (SFN 60273) , North Dakota State Water Commission. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  191. Well Permitting Fee Schedule , Northwest Florida Water Management District. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated (2026 site; matches F.A.C. 40A-3.201). Wells 6 inches and greater $100; 4 to under 6 inches $50; under 4 inches $35; delineated-area domestic well $100.
  192. OAC 3701-28-06 Fees (private water systems) , Ohio Administrative Code. Accessed November 8, 2026. Effective 2020-01-01. $74 of each new installation permit fee is the state portion; $510 for a 1-3 family private water system where the director administers the program. ORC 1521.05 adds a $20 ODNR well log fee (https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-1521.05).
  193. Arsenic Treatment and Removal for Private Water System Wells , Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental Health. Accessed November 9, 2026. June 2012 (cost estimates are 2012-era)
  194. Water well log database , Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  195. OAC 3701-28-03 Permits and well logs for private water systems , Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  196. OAC 3701-28-07 Location, operation, and maintenance of private water systems , Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  197. OAC 3701-28-18 Contractor registration , Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  198. Household Well Water Testing , Ohio State University Extension. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  199. Home Water Testing fact sheet , Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  200. Lab Services Fee Schedule FY27 (SELSD-SD-008-R4), effective 2026-07-01 , Oklahoma DEQ State Environmental Laboratory Services Division. Accessed November 8, 2026. Total coliform and E. coli P/A $33; nitrate $38; nitrate/nitrite $38; Private Well Annual panel (coliform, nitrate/nitrite, pH, conductivity) $75; Real Estate panel $104; Private Well Diagnostics $175.
  201. Reported Groundwater Well Locations of Oklahoma , Oklahoma Water Resources Board. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  202. Water Permitting FAQ , Oklahoma Water Resources Board. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  203. Well Driller / Pump Installer Licensing fact sheet , Oklahoma Water Resources Board. Accessed November 8, 2026. 2026. No permit or fee for a domestic well; licensed driller files a well completion report within 60 days; Intent-to-Drill ($250, https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/OKWRB/bulletins/34db823) applies to non-domestic wells only; domestic exemption reaffirmed 2025-08-06 (https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/OKWRB/bulletins/3ebc58e).
  204. OAC 785:35-7-1, Well location , Oklahoma Water Resources Board (via Cornell LII). Accessed November 9, 2026.
  205. Testing Recommendations (Domestic Well Safety Program) , Oregon Health Authority. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Typical accredited-lab prices: coliform and E. coli $20-$40; nitrate $20-$40; arsenic $25-$45.
  206. Enrolled House Bill 2808 (2025), amending ORS 537.762 and 537.753 , Oregon Legislative Assembly. Accessed November 8, 2026. Start card for construction of a new well: fee of [$350] $490; landowner's permit (owner-drilled) [$500] $550. Effective 2025-07-17 per OWRD (https://www.oregon.gov/owrd/programs/GWWL/WCC/Pages/House-Bill-2808.aspx).
  207. ORS Chapter 537, 2025 Edition , Oregon Legislature. Accessed November 8, 2026. ORS 537.762(12) start card fee $490; ORS 537.753(4) landowner permit $550 plus $10,000 bond. OWRD landowner page confirms $550 (https://www.oregon.gov/owrd/programs/GWWL/WCC/Pages/LandownerConstructedWells.aspx).
  208. Exempt Use Groundwater Recording Fee FAQ , Oregon Water Resources Department. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  209. Landowner Well Permit Application , Oregon Water Resources Department. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  210. Well Construction and Compliance Program (House Bill 2145 page) , Oregon Water Resources Department. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  211. Well Log Query , Oregon Water Resources Department. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  212. OAR 690-210-0030, Well location , Oregon Water Resources Department (via Oregon Public Law). Accessed November 9, 2026.
  213. Well water testing notice , Oswego County Health Department (NY). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Coliform/E. coli walk-in $30; realty service $75.
  214. How Much Does It Cost to Drill a Water Well in 2026? , Parrish Well Drilling (Sarasota, FL). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2026-04-17. Drilling $25-$65/ft; pumps $1,000-$3,000; full system $5,000-$15,000 for 100-300 ft Sarasota-area wells; 200-ft well $7,000-$15,000.
  215. Drinking Water Testing , Penn State Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated (2026 site). Bacteria (total coliform and E. coli) $40; nitrate-nitrogen $15; WD01 standard package $60; WD04 standard plus nitrate $70.
  216. Private Water Systems FAQs , Penn State Extension. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  217. 17 Pa. Code Chapter 47. Drilling Water Wells , Pennsylvania Code and Bulletin. Accessed November 9, 2026. Fetched 47.7: record kept at least 10 years, copy to owner. 21-day limit is Act 610 sec. 10 (32 P.S. 645.10), corroborated by search.
  218. Groundwater , Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  219. Water Well Drillers Licensing , Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Pennsylvania has no construction standards or permit for private water wells; driller license $60/yr, rig permit $20.
  220. Water Well Drillers License Act (Act 610 of 1956) , Pennsylvania General Assembly. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  221. WELLMATE WM01, WM02 In-Line Pressure Tanks datasheet , Pentair (Wellmate). Accessed November 9, 2026. PDF metadata 2012-12-06 (file revision mr14)
  222. Well Permit application (Well_Permit_24.pdf) , Pierce County Board of Health / Planning & Codes (Blackshear, GA). Accessed November 8, 2026. 2024. Well permit fee $70.00 under the Water Well Standards Act (O.C.G.A. 12-5-120 et seq.). County boards of health set fees in Georgia.
  223. Complete Cost of Well Pump Installation Breakdown (2025 Guide) , Plumbing Supply and More (online plumbing supplier). Accessed November 8, 2026. Supplier guide, 2025. Shallow-well jet pumps $300-$900; deep-well jet $650-$1,200; submersible $700-$2,500+; labor $250-$1,500. Thin evidence for jet pumps.
  224. 2025 Environmental Health Fee Schedule (OSTDS & Wells), effective 2025-03-01 , Public Health, Delta & Menominee Counties (MI). Accessed November 8, 2026. Well construction permit, residential/irrigation $334; sand point well $100; double fee if work starts before permit.
  225. How Long Should My Submersible Well Pump Last? , R.C. Worst & Company Inc. (pump supplier). Accessed November 9, 2026. 2018-11-02. Residential 3-wire 10-15 years; 2-wire 8-13 years; 50+ cycles a day under 10 years; extreme sediment under 2 years, no sediment 15+ years.
  226. How much does it cost to operate my submersible well pump , RC Worst & Company. Accessed November 9, 2026. 2018-01-25
  227. Well inspection cost , Redfin. Accessed November 9, 2026. 2025-08-05
  228. Steps for Putting in a New Private Well , Rhode Island Department of Health. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  229. Testing Your Well Water , Rhode Island Department of Health. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  230. Domestic Wells , Sierra County Environmental Health (CA). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Water well construction (new domestic or agriculture) $364.00.
  231. Regulation 61-71 Well Standards , South Carolina Department of Environmental Services. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  232. Individual Water Supply Wells , South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  233. Summary of South Dakota Water Laws and Rules , South Dakota Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  234. Water well completion reports , South Dakota Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  235. Well Driller Licensing , South Dakota Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  236. ARSD 74:02:04:24 Well locations , South Dakota Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  237. Well construction permits FAQ , South Florida Water Management District. Accessed November 8, 2026. 2013-11-21. Well construction permit $100 (confirmed unchanged by F.A.C. 40E-1.607 and a 2025-11-04 proposed-rule text); delegated agencies set their own fees.
  238. Cost to Drill a Well in California 2026 , Southern California Well Service (San Diego / Riverside / San Bernardino, CA; lic. 1086994). Accessed November 8, 2026. Templated marketing page; weaker. Soft $25-$50/ft, mixed $40-$70/ft, hard rock $50-$100+/ft; PVC casing $10-$20/ft, steel $25-$50/ft; remote mobilization $1,500-$5,000; San Diego permit $500-$1,500; plumbing to house $1,000-$3,000; electrical $500-$1,500; testing $200-$500.
  239. F.A.C. 40D-1.607(6) Permit application fees , Southwest Florida Water Management District (via Cornell LII). Accessed November 8, 2026. Effective 2014-08-17. Non-public supply water well $50; delineated-area potable well $100.
  240. Well completion report sites and well construction permits , St. Johns River and Southwest Florida Water Management Districts. Accessed November 8, 2026. Records from two districts; the Southwest Florida district data is at data-swfwmd.opendata.arcgis.com.
  241. Fee list for 40C-3 well permits , St. Johns River Water Management District (FL). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. All other wells $120; public supply $250; abandonment $0.
  242. NAC 444.792, Individual sewage disposal systems: location , State of Nevada (via Justia). Accessed November 9, 2026. Table figure read from a secondary copy; confirm against the official NAC.
  243. Water Well Installation: Complete Guide, Cost and Tips for Success , Stevens Drilling (La Vernia, TX). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2025-10-27. Drilling $25-$65/ft; pumps $500-$2,000; pressure tank $300-$1,500; permit/licensing $100-$750; total $7,500-$17,000+.
  244. 2025 Environmental Health Fee Schedule, Chapter 101 Private Water System Fees , Summit County Public Health (OH). Accessed November 8, 2026. Single family well: district fee $500 + $74/$20 state = $594 total; alteration $250; sealing $120; sample collection $50 plus lab fee; re-sample $80; construction permits include the initial water sample.
  245. Fees (Rule 40B-3.041) , Suwannee River Water Management District (FL). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated (matches F.A.C. 40B-3.201 effective 2022-10-18). All other wells $40; delineated-area private supply well $275.
  246. Water Well Program, well locations , Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  247. Well Driller or Installer License , Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  248. Well Water Testing Test Kit Steps and Interpretation , Tennessee Department of Health. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  249. Rule 0400-45-09 Water Well Licensing Regulations and Well Construction Standards , Tennessee Secretary of State. Accessed November 9, 2026. 2015 version; content taken from search excerpts.
  250. Water Well Basics , Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Texas Well Owner Network. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  251. Water Well Drillers / Water Well Pump Installers Penalties and Sanctions , Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  252. Water Well Drillers and Pump Installers at a Glance , Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  253. DSHS Austin Laboratory Fee Schedule, effective 2026-09-01 , Texas Department of State Health Services. Accessed November 8, 2026. Potable Water (coliform) MZZ0441A $18.39; Nitrate-N EZZ0048A $30.00; Routine Water Mineral Group $155; All Metals $165; VOCs $150.
  254. Drilling a Well , Texas Groundwater Protection Committee. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  255. Submitted Driller's Reports Database , Texas Water Development Board. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  256. Pressure Tanks , The Driller (Bob Pelikan). Accessed November 9, 2026. January 3, 2006
  257. The Pros and Cons of PVC for Water Well Installations , The Driller (Jeremy Verdusco). Accessed November 9, 2026. April 5, 2023
  258. Water Well Hydrofracturing Basics (Newfoundland and Labrador Water Resources Management Division) , The Driller / Govt. of Newfoundland and Labrador. Accessed November 9, 2026. March 1, 2007
  259. How Much Does a Well Pump Cost? , This Old House. Accessed November 8, 2026. Updated 2026-03-05. Pump only: shallow jet $200, deep jet $300, submersible $500; replacement $900-$2,500. Corroboration only.
  260. Well Installation Cost , This Old House. Accessed November 9, 2026. Updated 03/30/2026
  261. Water Lab , Thurston County Public Health & Social Services (WA). Accessed November 8, 2026. 2025 schedule. Total coliform and E. coli P/A $32; nitrate $32.
  262. Well Water Test Kit Information , Town of Blue Hill, Maine (Maine CDC HETL kit pricing). Accessed November 8, 2026. 2023-11-21. HETL well evaluation kit (coliform, nitrate/nitrite, fluoride, chloride, pH, arsenic, uranium, etc.) $127.00.
  263. Environmental Health Services Lab pricing (v20250527) , Tulsa Health Department (OK). Accessed November 8, 2026. Total coliforms P/A $24; nitrate+nitrite $25; basic panel $62.
  264. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations , U.S. EPA. Accessed November 9, 2026. Last updated August 31, 2026
  265. Protect Your Home's Water (Private Wells) , U.S. EPA. Accessed November 9, 2026. Last updated February 26, 2026
  266. Secondary Drinking Water Standards: Guidance for Nuisance Chemicals , U.S. EPA. Accessed November 9, 2026. Last updated May 26, 2026
  267. Estimated hydrogeologic, spatial, and temporal distribution of self-supplied domestic groundwater withdrawals in the Virginia Coastal Plain (SIR 2025-5051) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026. Fetched abstract (Kearns and Pope, 2025): 8,264 well records; Yorktown-Eastover, Potomac and surficial aquifers account for 80 percent of self-supplied domestic withdrawals; private-domestic nearly 40 percent of total groundwater withdrawals.
  268. Factors affecting the distribution of water-bearing fractures in the bedrock aquifers of West Virginia (SIR 2025-5044) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026. Fetched: 7.4 percent of 3,403 fractures water-bearing; higher fracture density above 215 ft; Plateaus yields highest in valleys, lowest on hilltops. Valley and Ridge: highest yields on hillsides, and a few high-yield wells target deeper limestone (abstract, corroborated by search).
  269. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, HA 730-C (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026. Page blocked direct fetch; aquifer-system names confirmed via USGS search excerpts.
  270. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 1: California, Nevada (HA 730-B) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  271. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 13: Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands (HA 730-N) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  272. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 2: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah (HA 730-C) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  273. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 2: Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah (HA 730-C) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  274. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 5: Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi (HA 730-F) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  275. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 6: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina (HA 730-G) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  276. HA 730-B, Basin and Range aquifers , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026. Direct fetch blocked; wording confirmed from USGS search excerpts.
  277. HA 730-D, Ozark Plateaus aquifer system , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  278. HA 730-F, Ground Water Atlas of the United States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  279. HA 730-I, Principal aquifers (Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  280. HA 730-L Piedmont and Blue Ridge aquifers , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  281. Monitoring locations: West Virginia groundwater sites (Water Data API) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026. All groundwater sites in the USGS inventory for West Virginia; no water-use field. Used: wells with a construction year 1980 to 2025 and a depth of 20 to 3,000 ft (n=747).
  282. North Carolina groundwater setting (Water Data Report 2005) , U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  283. Arsenic in Nevada Groundwater , U.S. Geological Survey, Nevada Water Science Center. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  284. Major aquifers in New Jersey , U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center. Accessed November 9, 2026. Kirkwood-Cohansey listed first (youngest) and the only unconfined Coastal Plain aquifer; Piedmont water in joints and fractures. Checked 2026-11-09; replaced an HA 730-L page that covered only the Piedmont.
  285. Testing Services (UGA AESL water tests via county office) , University of Georgia Extension, Harris County. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. W35 total coliform/E. coli $36; W6 nitrate-N $16; W1 basic water test $24; W2 expanded $64; W33B home loan closing kit $85.
  286. Protecting your private well during drought , University of Minnesota Extension (Anne Nelson). Accessed November 9, 2026. Reviewed 2021
  287. Drinking Water Well Management (EQM103) , University of Missouri Extension. Accessed November 9, 2026. Table credited to Missouri Geological Survey, October 2024.
  288. Nitrate in Drinking Water , University of Nebraska-Lincoln (Nebraska Extension), Becky Schuerman. Accessed November 9, 2026. September 9, 2020
  289. Nebraska Extension Issues an Important Reminder for Statewide Private Well Drinking Water Testing , University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  290. Water Wise: Managing Low-Capacity Private Drinking Water Wells During Drought (G2188) , University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  291. 2026 Analysis Price List (Water and Environmental Analysis Lab) , University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Center for Watershed Science and Education. Accessed November 8, 2026. Prices effective through 2026-12-31. Coliform P/A $30; nitrate+nitrite $29; homeowner package $78; new well / well drillers NR812 compliance package $61.
  292. EQIP Fiscal Year 2026 Payment Schedule, West Virginia , USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Accessed November 8, 2026. FY2026 payment rates (not full cost): Water Well 642, Typical Well Six Inch Diameter, base $5,069.44 plus $72.44/LnFt; steel casing >=100 ft $54.30/LnFt; Livestock Pipeline 516 difficult trenching $18.88/LnFt.
  293. Aquifer test to determine hydraulic properties of the Elm aquifer near Aberdeen, South Dakota , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026. Local study; not statewide.
  294. Connecticut state summary, ground-water quality of principal aquifers , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026. Found via search; not opened in full.
  295. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 10 (HA 730-K) , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  296. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 10 (HA 730-K), Interior Low Plateaus aquifers , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026. Sinkhole vulnerability statement is from a related USGS report (WRI 85-4252).
  297. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 10 (HA 730-K): Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  298. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 10 (HA 730-K): Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  299. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 10 (HA 730-K): Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  300. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 11 (HA 730-L), Appalachian Plateaus and Piedmont aquifers , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  301. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 11 (HA 730-L): Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  302. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 11 (HA 730-L): Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  303. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 12 (HA 730-M) , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  304. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 12 (HA 730-M), crystalline-rock aquifers , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  305. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 12 (HA 730-M), Crystalline-rock aquifers , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026. Rhode Island-specific statement is from a USGS sources report summarized in search results.
  306. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 12 (HA 730-M): New England and New York , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  307. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 12 (HA 730-M): New England and New York , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  308. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 13 (HA 730-N): Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  309. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 4 (HA 730-D): Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  310. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 5 (HA 730-F): Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  311. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 6 (HA 730-G), Piedmont and Blue Ridge aquifers , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026. Page not directly fetched; content taken from search excerpts.
  312. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 6 (HA 730-G): Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  313. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 6 (HA 730-G): Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  314. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 7 (HA 730-H): Idaho, Oregon, Washington , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  315. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 9 (HA 730-J): Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  316. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 9 (HA 730-J): Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  317. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 9 (HA 730-J): Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin , USGS. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  318. Artesian Water and Artesian Wells , USGS Water Science School. Accessed November 9, 2026. 2026-09-17
  319. Hardness of Water , USGS Water Science School. Accessed November 9, 2026. August 24, 2026
  320. Utah Administrative Code R655-4, Water Wells , Utah Division of Water Rights. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  321. Utah Admin. Code R655-4-11 Well Drilling and Construction Requirements , Utah Division of Water Rights (via Cornell LII). Accessed November 9, 2026. Effective July 26, 2022 (Utah State Bulletin 2022-15)
  322. Utah Code 73-3-25, Water well drillers , Utah State Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts and R655-4 references.
  323. Required Well Water Testing by County , Utah State University Extension. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  324. Private wells , Vermont Agency of Natural Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  325. Well Driller Reporting , Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  326. Private Drinking Water , Vermont Department of Health. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  327. 26 V.S.A. 5608, Records and reports , Vermont General Assembly. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  328. 26 V.S.A. Chapter 107, Well Drillers , Vermont General Assembly. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  329. 12VAC5-630-380, Well location , Virginia Administrative Code. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  330. 12VAC5-630, Private Well Regulations , Virginia Administrative Code. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  331. Iron and Manganese in Household Water (Pub. 442-656) , Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 9, 2026. First published Feb 2020; last reviewed July 2025 (listed Aug 1, 2025)
  332. Shock Chlorination: Disinfecting Private Household Water Supply Systems (Pub. 442-663) , Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech (Benham, Ling). Accessed November 9, 2026. December 16, 2024
  333. Guidance on testing your private well water , Virginia Department of Health. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  334. Private Well Program , Virginia Department of Health. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  335. Water Testing , Washington County, Minnesota, Public Health & Environment. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. Standard drinking water test (coliform and nitrate) $50; coliform $25; nitrate $25.
  336. Well Reports , Washington State Department of Ecology. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  337. Chapter 173-160 WAC, Minimum standards for construction and maintenance of wells , Washington State Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026. The Ecology wells page URL on the regulator field was not fetched.
  338. RCW 18.104.055 Well construction fees , Washington State Legislature. Accessed November 8, 2026. 2005 c 84. Fee for one water well with top casing under 12 inches $200; 12 inches or greater $300; paid with the notice of intent to Ecology (https://ecology.wa.gov/regulations-permits/reporting-requirements/well-construction-notice-of-intent adds a 3 percent card fee).
  339. Well Pressure Tank Replacement Cost , Water Well Drilling Weatherford (Weatherford, TX). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2026-09-29, updated 2026-11-05. Pressure tank replacement $800-$1,800 installed in 2026; pressure switch $150-$300; difficult installs to about $3,500.
  340. How Much Does a Water Well Cost in North Carolina? , WaterWellNC (lead-generation directory). Accessed November 8, 2026. 2026. Drilling $20-$45/ft (Coastal Plain $20-$28, Piedmont $28-$40, Mountains $35-$50); pump $400-$3,000; tank $300-$1,200; permit $150-$500; testing $50-$300. Corroboration only.
  341. Private Water Supply Wells , Wayne County (NC). Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. $225 private water supply permit fee.
  342. Cost to Drill a Water Well in Northern California , Weeks Drilling & Pump Co. (Sebastopol, CA). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2026-04-30. Drilling $35-$130/ft; steel casing $20-$45/ft; pump and pressure tank $3,500-$9,000; permitting $500-$2,500.
  343. Well Services FAQs , Well Watchers / Expert Well Drilling & Well Pump Services (Milner, GA). Accessed November 8, 2026. 2026 footer. Central Georgia drilling $25-$35/ft; pump system $1,500-$3,000; pump replacement $1,200-$2,500; permits and testing $300-$600; total $5,000-$12,000.
  344. Well Drilling Cost in Washington: 2026 Price Guide , Wenatchee Well Pros (pump and water-system installer, Wenatchee, WA; does not drill). Accessed November 8, 2026. Published 2026-07-02. Soft formation $45-$65/ft; basalt $65-$95/ft; installed 6-inch steel casing $55-$90/ft; pump systems $4,500-$7,500 (200 ft) to $8,000-$12,000 (over 400 ft); mobilization $500-$2,500; trenching and hookup $1,500-$5,000; water testing $150-$400; 200-ft well complete $18,000-$25,000. Not a licensed driller; weaker evidence.
  345. W. Va. Code R. 64-19-5, Records of Completed Water Wells , West Virginia Department of Health, via Cornell LII. Accessed November 9, 2026. Fetched: 30 calendar days (5.1); two copies to Commissioner, one to owner (5.3); master driller signs when a journeyman drills. 2026 bills (SB266, HB4215) propose replacing 64CSR19; enactment not confirmed.
  346. W. Va. Code R. 64-46-4, Water Well Design Standards: Location (Table 64-46 A) , West Virginia Department of Health, via Cornell LII. Accessed November 9, 2026. Fetched 64-46-4.2.a, which points to Table 64-46 A; the table's septic tank row (50 ft, 100 ft if well is lower) corroborated by search, table not rendered on the fetched page.
  347. Individual Water Supplies , West Virginia Office of Environmental Health Services. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  348. Water Well Regulations Summary , West Virginia Office of Environmental Health Services. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  349. West Virginia Waterwell Certification Program , West Virginia Office of Environmental Health Services. Accessed November 9, 2026.
  350. Environmental Services Fee Schedule (approved 2025-09-19) , Westchester County Department of Laboratories & Research (NY). Accessed November 8, 2026. Total coliform and E. coli P/A $32.10; nitrate as N $80.25; Well Water Package A (Private Well Testing Law) $583.10.
  351. Driven point well - sand well , Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts; cites NR 812.
  352. Groundwater: Wisconsin's Buried Treasure , Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  353. Property transfer well inspection (WI DNR) , Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026. undated (references rules effective 2014-10-01)
  354. Test your private well water annually , Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  355. Well Construction Notification , Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Undated. The Well Construction Notification fee is $50.50. Some counties add a sanitary permit.
  356. Well Construction Reports , Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.
  357. Wis. Admin. Code NR 812.10, Reports , Wisconsin Legislature. Accessed November 9, 2026. Content taken from search excerpts.
  358. Public Environmental and Water Testing Prices, effective 2026-07-01 , Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. Accessed November 8, 2026. Bacteria (total coliform/E. coli) P/A $35.00; Nitrate $35.00; Nitrite $38; HUD/FHA-VA loan package $146.00; Homeowner package (5 bottle) $450.00.
  359. General Processes, Ground Water , Wyoming State Engineer's Office. Accessed November 9, 2026. Fetched: permit before drilling, licensed drilling and pump contractors, U.W. 6 due within 30 days of completion.
  360. Part III, Water Well Minimum Construction Standards , Wyoming State Engineer's Office. Accessed November 9, 2026. Fetched: Ch. III setback table (septic tank 50 ft, disposal field 100 ft). Rules filed 2010, corrected 2011.
  361. Well and spring permits , Wyoming State Geological Survey (from Wyoming State Engineer's Office permits). Accessed November 8, 2026. Well completion records used for depth, casing, and yield distributions.

How these figures are built: methodology. Updated November 2026.